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<title>Submasseteric space</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Submasseteric space</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Submasseteric space</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Location of the masseter muscles. The submasseteric space is between the masseter and the mandible.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">The four compartents of the right masticator space. <b>A</b> Temporalis muscle, <b>B</b> Masseter muscle, <b>C</b> Lateral pterygoid muscle, <b>D</b> Medial ptaerygoid muscle, <b>E</b> Superficial temporal space, <b>F</b> Deep temporal space, <b>G</b> Submasseteric space, <b>H</b> Pterygomandibular space, <b>I</b> Approximate location of infratemporal space</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>submasseterric space</b> (also termed the <b>masseteric space</b>) is a <a href="Fascial_spaces_of_the_head_and_neck" title="Fascial spaces of the head and neck">fascial space of the head and neck</a> (sometimes also termed <a href="Fascia" title="Fascia">fascial</a> spaces or tissue spaces). It is a <a href="Potential_space" title="Potential space">potential space</a> in the face over the angle of the jaw, and is paired on each side. It is located between the lateral aspect of the mandible and the medial aspect of the <a href="Masseter_muscle" title="Masseter muscle">masseter muscle</a> and its <a href="Masseteric_fascia" title="Masseteric fascia">investing fascia</a>. The term is derived from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sub-" class="extiw external" title="wikt:sub-">sub-</a> meaning "under" in Latin and <i>masseteric</i> which refers to the masseter muscle. The submasseteric space is one of the four <a href="Compartment_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compartment (anatomy)">compartments</a> of the <a href="Masticator_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Masticator space">masticator space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes the submasseteric space is described as a series of spaces, created because the masseter muscle has multiple insertions that cover most of the lateral surface of the <a href="Ramus_of_the_mandible" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramus of the mandible">ramus of the mandible</a>.
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatomic_boundaries">Anatomic boundaries</h3></div>
<p>The boundaries of each submasseteric space are:
</p>
<ul><li>the anterior margin of the masseter muscle anteriorly,</li>
<li>the <a href="Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a> posteriorly,<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>the zygomatic arch superiorly,<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>the inferior border of the mandible inferiorly,<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus medially (the submasseteric space is superficial to the mandible),<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>the masseter muscle laterally (the submasseteric space is deep to masseter).<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3></div>
<p>The communications of each submasseteric space are:
</p>
<ul><li>to the <a href="Buccal_space" title="Buccal space">buccal space</a> anteriorly,</li>
<li>to the <a href="Pterygomandibular_space" title="Pterygomandibular space">pterygomandibular space</a> (around the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus to its medial surface) and the parotid space posteriorly,</li>
<li>to the superficial temporal space superiorly.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contents">Contents</h3></div>
<p>In health, the space contains:
</p>
<ul><li>the <a href="Masseteric_artery" title="Masseteric artery">masseteric artery</a> and vein.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2></div>
<p>Submasseteric abscesses are relatively rare, and may be confused with a parotid abscess or <a href="Parotitis" title="Parotitis">parotitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rai_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rai_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They tend to be chronic.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The submasseteric space may be involved by infections that spread from the buccal space.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes <a href="Mandibular_fracture" title="Mandibular fracture">mandibular fractures</a> in the region of the angle of the mandible may cause an infection of the submasseteric space.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The signs and symptoms of a submasseteric abscess may include marked <a href="Trismus" title="Trismus">trismus</a> (i.e. difficulty opening the mouth, since the masseter elevates the mandible and it becomes restricted) and swelling in the region of the masseter muscle.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupp_2008_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupp_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treatment of a submasseteric space infection is usually by surgical <a href="Incision_and_drainage" title="Incision and drainage">incision and drainage</a>, and the incision is placed intra-orally (inside the mouth) or both intra and extra-orally if other parts of the masticator space are involved.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odontogenic_infections">Odontogenic infections</h3></div>
<p>The submasseteric space is sometimes involved by the spread of <a href="Odontogenic_infection" title="Odontogenic infection">odontogenic infections</a>, such as a <a href="Pericoronal_abscess" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericoronal abscess">pericoronal abscess</a> associated with an <a href="Tooth_impaction" title="Tooth impaction">impacted</a> <a href="Mandibular_third_molar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandibular third molar">mandibular third molar</a> (lower wisdom tooth) when the apices of the tooth lie very close to or within the space.<sup id="cite_ref-Hargreaves_2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hargreaves_2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Diagram showing lateral surface of the mandible and the area of insertion of the masseter muscle on the mandibular ramus.</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">The left masseter muscle (red highlight), shown partially covered by superficial muscles such as the <a href="Platysma_muscle" title="Platysma muscle">platysma muscle</a>, the <a href="Zygomaticus_major_muscle" title="Zygomaticus major muscle">zygomaticus major muscle</a> and the <a href="Zygomaticus_minor_muscle" title="Zygomaticus minor muscle">zygomaticus minor muscle</a></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFHuppEllisTucker2008" class="citation book cs1">Hupp JR, Ellis E, Tucker MR (2008). <i>Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery</i> (5th&nbsp;ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">317–</span>333. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>9780323049030</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Rai_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rai_2011_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRaiRajput,_RuchiKhatua,_RabindraKSingh,_Mangal2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rai, Ashutosh; Rajput, Ruchi; Khatua, RabindraK; Singh, Mangal (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0970-9290.79990">"Submasseteric abscess: A rare head and neck abscess"</a>. <i>Indian Journal of Dental Research</i>. <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">166–</span>8. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0970-9290.79990">10.4103/0970-9290.79990</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525699">21525699</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Jones_2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2003_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJonesSilver,_JMillar,_WSMandel,_L2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, KC; Silver, J; Millar, WS; Mandel, L (Jun–Jul 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/24/6/1159.long">"Chronic submasseteric abscess: anatomic, radiologic, and pathologic features"</a>. <i>American Journal of Neuroradiology</i>. <b>24</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1159–</span>63. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8149006">8149006</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12812946">12812946</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hargreaves_2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hargreaves_2010_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHargreaves_KM,_Cohen_S_(editors),_Berman_LH_(web_editor)2010" class="citation book cs1">Hargreaves KM, Cohen S (editors), Berman LH (web editor) (2010). <i>Cohen's pathways of the pulp</i> (10th&nbsp;ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">590–</span>594. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-323-06489-7</bdi>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (help)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</span></span>
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</style><div id="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth230" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, excluding the <a href="Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gastrointestinal_tract#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pharyngeal_muscles" title="Pharyngeal muscles">Muscles</a></li>
<li>Spaces
<ul><li><a href="Peripharyngeal_space" title="Peripharyngeal space">peripharyngeal </a></li>
<li><a href="Retropharyngeal_space" title="Retropharyngeal space">retropharyngeal </a></li>
<li><a href="Parapharyngeal_space" title="Parapharyngeal space">parapharyngeal </a></li>
<li><a href="Retrovisceral_space" title="Retrovisceral space">retrovisceral </a></li>
<li><a href="Danger_space" title="Danger space">danger</a></li>
<li><a href="Prevertebral_space" title="Prevertebral space">prevertebral</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Pterygomandibular_raphe" title="Pterygomandibular raphe">Pterygomandibular raphe</a></li>
<li><a href="Pharyngeal_raphe" title="Pharyngeal raphe">Pharyngeal raphe</a></li>
<li><a href="Buccopharyngeal_fascia" title="Buccopharyngeal fascia">Buccopharyngeal fascia</a></li>
<li><a href="Pharyngobasilar_fascia" title="Pharyngobasilar fascia">Pharyngobasilar fascia</a></li>
<li><a href="Pyriform_sinus" title="Pyriform sinus">Pyriform sinus</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Sphincters
<ul><li><a href="Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">upper</a></li>
<li><a href="Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">lower</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Esophageal_gland" title="Esophageal gland">glands</a></li>
<li><a href="Crop_(anatomy)" title="Crop (anatomy)">crop</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Curvatures
<ul><li><a href="Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Greater_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">greater</a></li>
<li><a href="Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Lesser_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">lesser</a></li>
<li><a href="Angular_incisure" title="Angular incisure">Angular incisure</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Stomach#Sections" title="Stomach">Cardia</a></li>
<li><a href="Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Body</a></li>
<li><a href="Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Fundus</a></li>
<li><a href="Pylorus" title="Pylorus">Pylorus</a></li>
<li><a href="Gastric_mucosa" title="Gastric mucosa">Gastric mucosa</a></li>
<li><a href="Gastric_folds" title="Gastric folds">Gastric folds</a></li>
<li>Microanatomy
<ul><li><a href="Gastric_pits" title="Gastric pits">Gastric pits</a></li>
<li><a href="Gastric_glands" title="Gastric glands">Gastric glands</a></li>
<li><a href="Cardiac_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac glands">Cardiac glands</a></li>
<li><a href="Fundic_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundic glands">Fundic glands</a></li>
<li><a href="Pylorus#Histology" title="Pylorus">Pyloric glands</a></li>
<li><a href="Foveolar_cell" title="Foveolar cell">Foveolar cells</a></li>
<li><a href="Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">Parietal cells</a></li>
<li><a href="Gastric_chief_cell" title="Gastric chief cell">Gastric chief cells</a></li>
<li><a href="Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">Enterochromaffin-like cells</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microanatomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">Intestinal villi</a>
<ul><li><a href="Microvillus" title="Microvillus">Microvilli</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Intestinal_gland" title="Intestinal gland">Intestinal glands</a></li>
<li><a href="Enterocyte" title="Enterocyte">Enterocytes</a></li>
<li><a href="Enteroendocrine_cell" title="Enteroendocrine cell">Enteroendocrine cells</a></li>
<li><a href="Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">Goblet cells</a></li>
<li><a href="Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">Suspensory muscle</a></li>
<li><a href="Major_duodenal_papilla" title="Major duodenal papilla">Major duodenal papilla</a></li>
<li><a href="Minor_duodenal_papilla" title="Minor duodenal papilla">Minor duodenal papilla</a></li>
<li><a href="Duodenojejunal_flexure" title="Duodenojejunal flexure">Duodenojejunal flexure</a></li>
<li><a href="Brunner's_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>No substructures</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ileocecal_valve" title="Ileocecal valve">Ileocecal valve</a></li>
<li><a href="Peyer's_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</a></li>
<li><a href="Microfold_cell" title="Microfold cell">Microfold cells</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Large_intestine#Structure" title="Large intestine">Colon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li>
<li><a href="Hepatic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic flexure">Hepatic flexure</a></li>
<li><a href="Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li>
<li><a href="Splenic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic flexure">Splenic flexure</a></li>
<li><a href="Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li>
<li><a href="Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li>
<li>Continuous
<ul><li><a href="Taenia_coli" title="Taenia coli">taenia coli</a></li>
<li><a href="Haustrum_(anatomy)" title="Haustrum (anatomy)">haustra</a></li>
<li><a href="Epiploic_appendix" title="Epiploic appendix">epiploic appendix</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Transverse_folds_of_rectum" title="Transverse folds of rectum">Transverse folds</a></li>
<li><a href="Rectal_ampulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal ampulla">Ampulla</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li>
<li><a href="Anal_columns" title="Anal columns">Anal columns</a></li>
<li><a href="Anal_valves" title="Anal valves">Anal valves</a></li>
<li><a href="Anal_sinuses" title="Anal sinuses">Anal sinuses</a></li>
<li><a href="Pectinate_line" title="Pectinate line">Pectinate line</a></li>
<li><a href="Internal_anal_sphincter" title="Internal anal sphincter">Internal anal sphincter</a></li>
<li><a href="Intersphincteric_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersphincteric groove">Intersphincteric groove</a></li>
<li><a href="External_anal_sphincter" title="External anal sphincter">External anal sphincter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Serous_membrane" title="Serous membrane">Serosa</a> / <a href="Adventitia" title="Adventitia">Adventitia</a></li>
<li><a href="Subserosa" title="Subserosa">Subserosa</a></li>
<li><a href="Muscular_layer" title="Muscular layer">Muscular layer</a></li>
<li><a href="Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</a></li>
<li><a href="Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">Circular folds</a></li>
<li><a href="Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucosa</a></li>
<li><a href="Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">Muscularis mucosa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_mouth139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Anatomy_of_the_mouth139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Vermilion_border" title="Vermilion border">Vermilion border</a></li>
<li><a href="Cupid's_bow" title="Cupid's bow">Cupid's bow</a></li>
<li><a href="Frenulum_of_lower_lip" title="Frenulum of lower lip">Frenulum of lower lip</a></li>
<li><a href="Labial_commissure_of_mouth" title="Labial commissure of mouth">Labial commissure of mouth</a></li>
<li><a href="Philtrum" title="Philtrum">Philtrum</a></li>
<li><a href="White_roll" title="White roll">White roll</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Buccal_fat_pad" title="Buccal fat pad">Buccal fat pad</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Palate" title="Palate">Palate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hard_palate" title="Hard palate">Hard palate</a></li>
<li><a href="Soft_palate" title="Soft palate">Soft palate</a></li>
<li><a href="Palatine_raphe" title="Palatine raphe">Palatine raphe</a></li>
<li><a href="Incisive_papilla" title="Incisive papilla">Incisive papilla</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gums" title="Gums">Gums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Interdental_papilla" title="Interdental papilla">Interdental papilla</a></li>
<li><a href="Gingival_sulcus" title="Gingival sulcus">Gingival sulcus</a></li>
<li><a href="Gingival_margin" title="Gingival margin">Gingival margin</a></li>
<li><a href="Gingival_fibers" title="Gingival fibers">Gingival fibers</a></li>
<li><a href="Junctional_epithelium" title="Junctional epithelium">Junctional epithelium</a></li>
<li><a href="Mucogingival_junction" title="Mucogingival junction">Mucogingival junction</a></li>
<li><a href="Sulcular_epithelium" title="Sulcular epithelium">Sulcular epithelium</a></li>
<li><a href="Stippling_(dentistry)" title="Stippling (dentistry)">Stippling</a></li>
<li><a href="Periodontium" title="Periodontium">Periodontium</a>
<ul><li><a href="Cementum" title="Cementum">Cementum</a></li>
<li><a href="Philtrum" title="Philtrum">Philtrum</a></li>
<li><a href="Gingiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingiva">Gingiva</a></li>
<li><a href="Periodontal_fiber" title="Periodontal fiber">Periodontal ligament</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Salivary_gland" title="Salivary gland">Glands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">Parotid gland</a>
<ul><li><a href="Parotid_duct" title="Parotid duct">duct</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">Submandibular gland</a>
<ul><li><a href="Submandibular_duct" title="Submandibular duct">duct</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">Sublingual gland</a>
<ul><li><a href="Major_sublingual_duct" title="Major sublingual duct">duct</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Tubarial_salivary_gland" title="Tubarial salivary gland">Tubarial salivary gland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Teeth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>see tooth anatomy</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Top
<ul><li><a href="Taste_bud" title="Taste bud">Taste bud</a></li>
<li><a href="Tongue#Upper_surface_of_the_tongue" title="Tongue">Median sulcus</a></li>
<li><a href="Tongue#Upper_surface_of_the_tongue" title="Tongue">Terminal sulcus</a></li>
<li><a href="Tongue#Upper_surface_of_the_tongue" title="Tongue">Foramen cecum</a></li>
<li><a href="Lingual_tonsils" title="Lingual tonsils">Lingual tonsils</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Underside
<ul><li><a href="Frenulum_of_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Frenulum of tongue">Frenulum</a></li>
<li><a href="Fimbriated_fold_of_tongue" title="Fimbriated fold of tongue">Fimbriated fold</a></li>
<li><a href="Sublingual_caruncle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublingual caruncle">Sublingual caruncle</a></li>
<li><a href="Glossoepiglottic_folds" title="Glossoepiglottic folds">Glossoepiglottic folds</a></li>
<li><a href="Lingual_septum" title="Lingual septum">Lingual septum</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Back of mouth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Oropharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oropharynx">Oropharynx</a></li>
<li><a href="Isthmus_of_the_fauces" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmus of the fauces">fauces</a></li>
<li><a href="Plica_semilunaris_of_the_fauces" title="Plica semilunaris of the fauces">Plica semilunaris of the fauces</a></li>
<li><a href="Uvula" title="Uvula">Uvula</a></li>
<li><a href="Palatoglossal_arch" title="Palatoglossal arch">Palatoglossal arch</a></li>
<li><a href="Palatopharyngeal_arch" title="Palatopharyngeal arch">Palatopharyngeal arch</a></li>
<li><a href="Tonsillar_fossa" title="Tonsillar fossa">Tonsillar fossa</a></li>
<li><a href="Palatine_tonsil" title="Palatine tonsil">Palatine tonsil</a></li></ul>
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